不定式 to do 不确定 将来,目的,一次性
动名词 doing 确定 长期,稳定,习惯
现在分词 doing 分身 与谓语动词同步发生
过去分词 done vi./vt. 完成/完成,被动
一般式 to do doing done
(未发生) (正在发生) (完成)
一般式被动 to be done being done
完成式 to have done having done
(强调比谓语先发生)
完成式被动 to have been done having been done
(强调比谓语先发生)
否定 not+(非谓语的各种形式)
做目的状语,放在句首有逗号,放在句末无逗号=in order to/so as to
to do 作状语,表意料之外的结果,却......(常与only连用)
only to find/see/learn/be told
doing(主动、进行)及done(被动、完成)作状语,表时间、原因、条件、伴随等,位置灵活,有逗号隔开主句 = 与主句主语相同的状从
有“,”
找主语 句子, ________ *** / ________ *** , 句子
看主被动 主动ing,被动one(done)
看先后 有先后用having
doing和done作状语,前面常加if/when等,让状语意思更明确(前后主语必须一致)
与状语的区别:连接词后无名、代
非谓语的否定式:not+非谓语动词
名/代+_______ ****, 含有谓语动词的句子
含有谓语动词的句子,名/代+_______ ****
前后主语不一致,只有一个谓语动词
中间逗号隔开,且句中没有连接词
解题思路:与非谓语作状语类似
with/without+独立主格结构 表伴随
There/It being + n./pron. 因为有......
Such being the case/his words... 既然如此
Weather/Time permitting ......允许的话
单个doing/done修饰名词时作前置定语
doing表示主动或进行,或性质用途
done表被动或完成
ed修饰人;ing修饰物
done:被动,完成
doing:主动,进行
to do:主动,将来
表示企图、努力的抽象名词+to do
(desire,decision,effort,promise等)
名/代+________ +谓语动词+其他
名/代+谓语动词+名/代+________+其他
找到谓语,“名/代+________”,确定为非谓作后置定语
判断非谓语与名/代的主被动关系
根据空格后时间或句意判断非谓语动作的时间
三个希望两答应(hope,wish,want,agree,promise)
两个要求莫拒绝(demand,ask,refuse)
设法学会做决定(manage,learn,decide)
不要假装在选择(pretend,choose)
为了避免重复,省略不定式中的do,只保留不定式符号to
结构:主语+v.+it+补语(n./adj.)+to do sth
动词:feel,think,consider,believe,find
考虑建议盼原谅(consider,advise,look forward to,forgive)
承认推迟没得想(confess to/admit,delay/postpone/put off,fancy)
避免错过继续练(avoid,miss,keep on,practice)
否认完成就欣赏(deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate)
禁止想象才冒险(forbid/ban,imagine,risk)
不禁介意准逃亡(can't help,mind,allow/permit,escape)
难以忍受始反对(can't stand,set about,object to/be apposed to)
想要成功坚持忙(feel like,succeed in,stick to,be busy in)
习惯放弃有困难(be/get used to,give up,have difficulty in)
导致专心防道歉(lead to,devote to,prevent from,apologize for)
谈及花费时威胁(when it comes to,spend,intimidate into)
需要值得表被动(want/need/require,be worth)
doing作主语或宾语时,为了明确动作的发出者,可以在doing之前添加名词所有格或物主代词
give up; be busy in; long for; feel like; put off
look forward to; pay attention to; be devoted to; be accustomed to
confess to; admit to; stick to; object to; be opposed to
begin/intend(打算,想要)/prefer等接to do和doing,意思不变
forget to do sth 忘记要去做某事
forger doing sth 忘记做过某事
remember to do sth 记得要去做某事
remember doing sth 记得做过某事
regret to do sth 很遗憾要去做某事
regret (not)doing sth 后悔(没)做某事
mean to do sth 打算去做某事
mean doing sth 意味着做某事
stop to do sth 停下要去做(另一件)事
stop doing sth 停下正在做的事
go on to do sth (做完某事)去(另一件)做某事
go on doing sth 继续做(一直在做的)事
can't help to do 不能帮助去做某事
can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事
try to do sth 努力去做某事
try doing sth 试着做某事
主动:let/make/have+n./代词+do
被动:let/make/have+n./代词+done
have+n./代词+doing 表示:让某人或者某物一直做某事/处于某种状态
主动:leave/keep+n./代词+doing
被动:leave/keep/get+n./代词+to do
keep sb informed of sth 通知某人某事
五看:watch,see,look at,observe,notice
两听:listen to,hear
一感觉:feel
do 主动(已完成,强调看见了动作的全过程)
doing 主动加进行(正在进行,强调看见动作正在进行)
done 被动
上述make/hear/see等词,用于被动时,由do变to do
want/wish sb to do sth
invite sb to do sth
expect sb to do sth
encourage/inspire sb to do sth
sb to do sth
doing sth
promise sb to do sth
warn sb to do sth
allow/permit sb to do sth
remind sb to do sth
ask sb to do sth
tell sb to do sth
force sb to do sth
persuade sb to do sth
tempt sb to do sth
具体的行动
未完成的事
目的
It is/was + adj.+(for sb) + to do sth
It is/was + adj.+of sb + to do sth
It is/was + my duty/a pleasure + to do sth
It takes/took +(sb.)+time+to do sth
“疑问词+不定式”结构,可作主宾表
笼统、抽象的行为
一件已知的事
经验
It is+no use/no help/no good/no point+doing sth
let/have/make sb+do
let/have/make sth+done
let/have/make sb(oneself) + done
no use/no help/no good/no point
fun
a good pleasure
a waste of time
+doing
“据说”句型
sth/sb + be +said/reported/supposed +
to do 未做
to have done 已做
to be done 正做
口诀:有do+but 动原,无do+but to do
特殊:I can't help but do 没办法/不得不
used to do 过去常常做某事
be/get used to doing 习惯于做某事
be used to do 被用来做某事(被动)
主系表结构
比较结构
(than;rather than;prefer...to...;as...as...)
并列结构
(and;or;not only ... but also
would rather (not) do
would rather do than do
would do rather than do
prefer to do rather than do
prefer doing to doing
宁愿做......也不做......
sb find sth + adj. + to do
feel/think/consider/believe