英美文学选读-作者写作特点_思维导图模板

写作特点

William Shakespeare

history plays

His plays are written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity

民族统一

it reveals a troubled reign in the 15th century and presents the patriotic spirit

混乱的统治和爱国主义精神

he dramatized the class struggle between the oppressors and the oppressed and he condemns the War of the Roses

阶级斗争

romantic comedies

takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth

态度

he created tension, ambiguity, a self-conscious and self-delighting artifice

创造了什么

between high, outgoing romance and dark forces of negativity and hate

来自什么

四大悲剧共同特点

noble hero, who faces the injustice of human life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation

John Milton

had an ambition to write an epic which England would "not willingly let die"

while his achievements in literature make him tower over all the other English writers of his time and exert a great influence over later ones

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Daniel Defoe

主人公都是whore, pirate, pickpocket, rogue, criminal

traced from their unfortunate childhood

influence of material circumstances or social environment upon the thoughts and actions of the hero or the heroine is highlighted

deep concern for the poor and the unfortunate in his society

first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower-class people

Jonathan Swift

master of English prose

特点

simple, direct, precise

"proper words in proper places"

写作特点：clear, simple, concrete diction, uncomplicated sentence structure

Henry Fielding

language is easy, unlaboured and familiar, but extremely vivid and vigorous

sentences are always distinguished by logic and rhythm

structure carefully planned towards an inevitable ending

his works are lively, dramatic dialogues and other theatrical devices such as suspense, coincidence and unexpectedness

Jane Austen

holds the ideals of the landlord class in politics, religion and moral principles

reason > passion, the sense of responsibility

good manners and clear-sighted judgment > Romantic tendencies of emotion and individuality

contemptuous towards snobbery, stupidity, worldiness and vulgarity through subtle satire and irony

neoclassicism advocator, upholding traditional ideas of order, reason, proportion and gracefulness in novel writing

a very narrow sphere

the subject matter, the character range, the social setting, and plots are all restricted to the provincial life of the late 18th-century England

no thrilling adventures, no abstract ideas, no romantic reveries and even no death scenes

Charles Dickens

特点：attacks one or more specific social evils in each

晚年三大特点

The attack now becomes more urgent and passionate, and this urgency creates novels of great compactness and concentration

As Dickens "explores more bleakly a bleaker world," there are fewer jokes and the comedy becomes harsher

The happy ending is there no more

Charlotte Bronte

about the struggle of an individual consciousness towards self-realization, about some lonely and neglected young women with a fierce longing for love, understanding and a full, happy life

depiction of the life of the middle-class working women, particularly governesses

Thomas Hardy

Wessex

home place he both loves and hates

vivid description of the vicissitudes of people who live in an agricultural setting menaced by the forces of invading capitalism

there is an apparent nostalgic touch in his description of the simple and beautiful though primitive rural life, which was gradually declining and disappearing as England marched into an industrial country

George Bernard Shaw

art should serve social purposes by reflecting human life, revealing social contradictions and educating the common people

against "art for art's sake"

problem plays

most of his plays are concerned with political, economic, moral, or religious problems

only one passion

indignation

against oppression, exploitation, hypocrisy, lying, prostitution, slavery, poverty, dirt, and disorder

inversion

Much of Shavian drama is constructed around the inversion of a conventional theatrical situation

Lawrence

one of the first novelists to introduce themes of psychology into his works

make use of poetic imagination and symbolism in his writing

against mechanical civilization

Hawthorne

literary is disturbed, tormented and problematical

"black" vision of life and human beings

"there is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life; but circumstances may rouse it to activity"

discusses sin and evil in almost every book

concerned most is intellectuals are too proud and too sure

usually villains, dreadful because of they are devoid of warmth and feeling

view of man and human history originates in Puritanism

Whitman

poetry could play a vital part in the process of creating a new nation. It could enable Americans to celebrate their release from the Old World and the colonial rule

concern for the whole hardworking people and the burgeoning life of cities

Herman Melville

the purpose of Melville's fictional tales, exotic or philosophical, is to penetrate as deeply as possible into the metaphysical, theological, moral, psychological, and social truths of human existence

a master of allegory and symbolism, like Hawthorne

Mark Twain

known as a local colorist, who preferred to present social life through portraits of the local characters of his regions, including people living in that area, the landscape, and other peculiarities life the customs, dialects, costumes and so on

the rich material of his boyhood experience on the Mississippi become the endless resources for his fiction, and the Mississippi valley and the West became his major theme

wrote about the lower-class people

magic power with language, his use of vernacular

Henry James

an admirer of ancient European civilization

Mark Twain and William Howells satirized European manners

fame generally rests upon his novels and stories with the international theme

James's realism is characterized by his psychological approach to his subject matter

why James is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th-century stream-of-consciousness novels and the founder of psychological realism

techniques innovated to cater for this psychological emphasis is his narrative "point of view"

language is not so easy to understand, often highly refined and insightful

Emily Dickinson

poems are usually based on her own experiences, her sorrows and joys

concern the whole human beings, include religion, death, immortality, love and nature

more than 500 poems about nature, about skepticism about the relationship between man and nature

Theodore Dreiser

man is "victim of forces over which he has no control"

affected by Darwinist idea of "survival of the fittest"

world is jungle, where "kill or to be killed" was the law

style has been a controversial aspect of his work from the beginning

lack of concision

massive detailed descriptions

disorganized in voice and tone

Robert Frost

subject matters mainly focus on the landscape and people in New England

can hardly be classified with the old or the new

unlike his contemporaries in the early 20th century, he did not break up with the poetic tradition nor made any experiment on form

simple in the way that they are dramatic monologues or dialogues, they are short and direct on the informational level, and they have simple diction

Scott Fitzgerald

both an insider and an outsider of the Jazz Age with a double vision

his fictional world is the best embodiment of the spirit of the Jazz Age

show a particular interest in the upper-class society, especially the upper-class young people

great stylist in American literature

his style, closely related to his themes, is explicit and chilly

Hemingway

"However, though life is but a losing battle, it is a struggle man can dominate in such a way that loss becomes dignity; man can be physically destroyed but never defeated spiritually"

"The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water"

develops the style of colloquialism initiated by Mark Twain

"less is more"

"his powerful style-forming mastery of the art" of creating modern fiction

praised by the Nobel Prize Committee

William Faulkner

work are set in the American South

stories are about people from Northern Mississippi, Yoknapatawpha County

the modern stream-of-consciousness technique was also frequently and skillfully exploited by Faulkner to emphasize the reactions and inner musings of the narrator

good at presenting multiple points of view, which gave the story a circular form, where one event is centered, with various points of view radiating from it, or different people responding to the same story

the other narrative techniques to construct stories include symbolism and mythological and biblical allusions

英美文学选读-作者写作特点

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