If it rains tomorrow,i will stay at home
从句 主句
这种表示人的主观愿望、猜测、建议、或假设的句子称为虚拟语气,虚拟语气是由句中的谓语变化来体现的,可用于条件、目的状语从句及宾语从句中,常见的虚拟语气一般由if 引导
表示对现在的假设,也就是现在无法实现的事情
If+主语+谓语(did、were),主语+谓语(would、could、might、should)
状语从句
+动词原型 主句
在虚拟语气中,无论是第几人称,be 动词的过去式只能用were,
If i were
If you were
If he、she were
因为用过去时表达的是对现在的希望,翻译为现在时,这是虚拟语气特有的时态倒退原则
If i knew her number,i would call her
如果我知道她的电话号码,我现在就会给她打电话
As i did not know her number,i did not call her
因为我现在不知道它的电话号码,所以现在没给她打电话
If i were rich ,i might go there
如果我是富翁,我现在就能去那里
Because i am not rich,i can not go here
因为我不是富翁,所以我现在不能去那里
完成时不是点的概念,是从过去更早的某个时间到过去时间的线。表示对过去的假设,是对过去没能实现的事情表示后悔,假设与过去事实相反的内容,
If+主语+谓语(had+p.p),主语+谓语(would、could、might、should)+
状语从句
have+p.p 主句
If she had helped me,i would have finished it
如果她帮助我,我就能完成那件事(过去的那件事)
如果与过去相反的情况在过去结束,没有对现在照成影响,用虚拟语气过去完成时,但过去的情况对现在有影响时,用错综虚拟语气,
一般句末会有表示现在时间的时间副词或介词:now、like this、today等词
If I had studied hard,i could have passed the exam
如果我努力学习,我就能考试及格(虽然不及格但对现在没有影响)
If+主句+谓语(had+p.p),主语+谓语(would、could、might、should+动
状语从句 主句
词原型)
If i had studied hard,i would not live like this
如果我当时努力学习,就不会过现在这样的生活了(过去结果对现在影响)
If i had married him,i would be living happily now
如果我和他结婚了,我现在会过得很幸福
表示对将来的假设和意志,表示机率非常小,或可能性为0的时候用
If+主语+谓语(should+动词原型、were to+动词原型、一般过去时),主语+谓语(would、could、might、should)+动词原型
If it were to rain tomorrow ,i would stay at home
如果明天下雨,我就待在家里 (下雨的机率可能性0,表示在一百多年都没下过雨的炎热沙漠上)
If he should die ,i would take care of his children
如果他死了,我会照顾他的孩子(他死的可能性很小)
If it rains tomorrow,i will stay at home
(下雨的机率是50%)
为避免歧义,省略时从句的主语和谓语要倒装。
If +主语+谓语,主句——谓语+主语,主句
If i were rich,i could go there——Were i rich,i could go there
If it should rain tomorrow,i would stay home——
Should it rain tomorrow,i would stay home
翻译成“要是.....就好了(现在)或当时......就好了(过去)
当看到某个场景会说“我如果是富翁该多好啊”只能表达现在遗憾心情,像这样的只表达遗憾的情绪,而不必说结论,就用I wish 来表达,只能用于虚拟语气过去时和过去完成时,用于表达对过去或现在的后悔或愿望
I wish i knew the answer 我知道答案就好了(现在)
I wish my garden were bigger 我的花园再大点就好了(现在)
I wish i had studied hard 我以前知道答案就好了(过去)时态倒退原则
翻译成:就像....一样(现在时)或当时就像....一样(过去时)也是只有过去时和过去完成时,多用于讽刺吹牛的人
He talks as if he were star 他说话就像自己是明星一样
in fact he is not star
She acts as if she had been rich她以前做事就像富翁一样
Zhiming talks about Jiajia as if he had married her 志明说话就像和佳佳结婚了一样
生活中经常有现在没发生或过去没能实现的遗憾事,所以经常会假设“如果没有....,如果没有过....这时就需要用不包含主语、谓语的简单句来表示,而用but for,它的目的在于,在不造成误会的前提下让句子更简单
If it were not for your help,i could not do any thing
如果没有你的帮助,我做不成任何事情
But for your help ,i could not do any thing
如果没有你的帮助,我做不成任何事情
Without your help ,i could not do any thing
如果没有你的帮助,我做不成任何事情
But for the sun everything would die on the earth
如果没有太阳,地球上的万物都将灭亡(现在)
Without the sun everything would die on the earth
如果没有太阳,地球上的万物都将灭亡(现在)
But for you help, i could not have done anything
如果当时没有你的帮助,我什么都做不成(过去)
Without you help, i could not have done anything
如果当时没有你的帮助,我什么都做不成(过去)