英语：6.定语从句和关系代词_思维导图模板

定语从句和关系代词

概念

a friend who lives in Beijing，这种包含主语和谓语，起修饰名词作用的句子就是定语从句，关系代词可以将多个句子合成一个句子，适当使用可以说出更地道的英语。有先行词（名词）和关系代词就是定语从句

1.关系代词Who

先行词是人用who，引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词，
位于先行词后，起连接两个句子和代词作用，也分为

This is the boy and he can speak English 加连词后，句子是正确的，但不够简练，需要加关系代词who

This is the boy who can speak English 这就是那个会说英语的男孩

主格关系代词who

主格：I、We、She、He、It、you、they

代替主格关系代词（I、She、He..）时，无论性别如何都用who，因为可以从前后文判断出性别，句子的主语是人时，代替主语的主格关系代词是who

a pilot is a person who flies planes 飞行员是驾驶飞机的人

do you know the girl who played the piano？你认识那个弹钢琴的女孩吗？

所有格关系代词（whose）

所有格：my、our、your、his、her、its、their

this is the boy (whose father is a doctor) 这是那个爸爸是医生的男孩

i meet a woman （whose husband is an English teacher）
我遇到了她的丈夫是英语老师的女人

宾格关系代词（whom）

宾格：me、us、you、him、her、it、them

宾格关系代词whom也可以用who代替，who有时做主格，有时作宾格，who作主语是主格，作宾语是宾格

who是宾格关系代词，who后面接“主语+谓语”

Zhiming is the boy who \whom i met this morning，
志明是我今早遇到的男孩

2.关系代词Which

先行词是事物或动物用which，
是代替事物或动物的关系代词，也分

主格

人称代词

It、they

关系代词

which

I like the cat （which has blue eyes）我喜欢这只拥有蓝色眼睛的猫

this is the letter （which arrived yesterday）这是昨天到的那封信

所有格

人称代词

Its、their

关系代词

whose 、of which

I love the cat （whose hair is black）我喜欢这只毛是黑色的猫

I love the cat （of which the hair is black）
用of which 要加the

宾格

人称代词

It、them

关系代词

which

原句

This is the cat and I bought it yesterday

this is the cat （which I bought yesterday）

原句中宾语在后面，但定于从句中用关系代词代替时一定要移至前面，

the fish is still alive which I bought yesterday
距离太远了，句子没错，但定语从句最好跟在先行词后面，

the fish （which i bought yesterday）is still alive

3.省略关系代词的情况

省略宾格关系代词

只有引导定语从句的宾格关系代词可以省

The fish （which） i bought yesterday is still alive

省略主格关系代词

”主格关系代词+be动词+分词“时可省略“主格关系代词+be动词”

现在分词

the boy （who is standing by the door）is my brother

the boy standing by the door is my brother

过去分词

I received a letter which was written in English

I received a letter written in English

”关系代词+介词“和”介词+关系代词“

原句

this is the house I live in it

this is the house which I live in 这是我住的房子
或者介词移到关系代词前面
this is the house in which I live
或者
this is the house I live in

原本宾格关系代词可以省，但关系代词前面有介词时不能省，但介词留在后面仍可以省宾格关系代词

4.关系代词that

先行词无论是人、事物、动物都可以用that，但不能作所有格关系代词，that可以替代主格和宾格关系代词中的who和which

主格

人

who／that

I have an uncle who／that lives in Beijing

事物、动物

which／that

This is the watch which／that was made in China

所有格

人

whose

事物、动物

whose／of which

宾格

人

whom／who／that

This is the singer whom／that I wanted to see

事物、动物

which／that

This is the toy which／that he plays with

在“介词+关系代词”结构中，不能用that代替宾格关系代词，也不能省略which，因为前面有代词

this is the house in which I live ✔️
this is the house in that I live ❌

只能用关系代词that的情况

先行词是“人+事物”或“人+动物”

Look at the girl and her dog that are running
看那女生和她的狗正在跑

无论是人还是动物，先行词是“the+最高级”或“the+序数词”

she is the tallest girl that I have ever seem
她是我见过的个子最高的女孩

Zhiming is the first boy that came to school
志明是第一个来学校的男孩

先行词中有：all、every、some、any 、no

All that glitters is not gold
不是所有发光的东西都是金子

Everyone that goes to church looks happy
去教堂的每个人看起来都很幸福

先行词中有：the every、the same、the only

this is the very watch that I lost yesterday
这正是我昨天丢的那块手表

this is the same watch as I lost yesterday
这块表和昨天我丢的那块表是一样的

先行词中有疑问代词：who、which

who和which也常作疑问代词，是名词
如Who are you？你是谁（人）
which is your favorite color？你最喜欢的颜色是哪一个？（事物）
是人时用Who （that......）不能用Who（who......）会看不懂

Who （that knows him）will trust him？认识他的人，谁会信他

Which of the movies （that you watched this year）is the best？

名词性从句that——关系代词that

在名词性从句中会用到that，在定语从句中也会用到关系代词that，他们的共同点是将两个句子合成一个句子，句子有that时，要判断是哪一种才能准确的翻译，

方法一：看that后面是不是完整句子

It is true （that I helped him yesterday）完整句子是引导名词性从句that

方法二：看that前有没有先行词

This is the man （that married Jiajia）

有先行词是引导定语从句that

关系代词的一致

先行词的单复数决定关系代词后谓语动词的形式

be动词

All the people （that saw the accident）were shocked

实义动词

I know the boy （who lives in Hainan)

5.what代替“先行词+关系代词”

关系代词引导定语从句，同时起连词和代词的作用，关系代词前有先行词，先行词决定关系代词（who、which、that），what 本身包含了先行词，他的优点可以让长句子变得更加精练

两个句子
I understand the thing
you said it （the thing）
合成一个句子

I understand the thing and you said it

加上连词是正确，但不够简练

I understand the thing which you said

宾格关系代词which替代宾语it

I understand what you said

what替代“先行词和关系代词”

the thing +which

something+that

anything+that

all+that

→ what，理解为“所.....的”

i hear the thing which happened yesterday

i hear what happened yesterday 我听说了昨天所发生的事

i know what you did last summer 我知道你去年夏天所做的事

what引导的从句是名词性从句，起名词作用，作

主语

What i want is that blue cap 我想要的是那顶蓝色的帽子

宾语

I remember what she said 我记得她所说的话

补语

This is what we wanted to buy 这是我们想买的

The important thing is what he said 重要的是他所说的

区分what是疑问词还是连接代词

疑问词

Tell us what to do 告诉我们该做什么

I don‘t know what she bought yesterday 我不知道她昨天买了什么

连接代词

This is what i want to say 这是我想说的

习惯用法

what i am／what i was 现在的我／过去的我

I am not what i was！我也不再是过去的我了

what he has ／what he had 他现在的财产／他过去的财产

what is called／what we call 所谓的=so called

what is worse 雪上加霜=to make matters worse

what is better 更好的

what is more 而且=moreover，in addition

what is the best of all 更好的

6.限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句

关系代词前有无逗号句子意思完全不一样
，关系代词=连词+代词
and they
，which but it
for she

限定性定语从句

He has two sons who became doctors
他有两个当医生的儿子（不知道有几个儿子，但是有两个当医生的儿子）

He has two and they became doctors

I like the girl who lives next door
我喜欢住在隔壁的女孩

My girlfriend who is living in Hainan often calls me
住在海南的女朋友经常给我打电话（有很多女朋友，其中一个给我打电话）

非限定性定语从句

He has two sons，who became doctors
他有两个儿子，他们都成了医生（有逗号时翻译要停顿一下）

Jiajia said she was ill，which was a lie
佳佳说她病了，但这是谎话

Jiajia said she was ill but it was a lie

My girlfriend ，who is living in Hainan， often calls me
我女朋友住在海南，她经常给我打电话（只有一个）

7.无法用关系代词that代替的情况

所有格关系代词

人、动物、事物的所有格关系代词（whose、ofwhich）不能用that代替

介词+关系代词

“介词+宾格关系代词”中的关系代词不能用that代替

非限定性定语从句（，关系代词）

关系代词前面有逗号时，无论是主格关系代词还是宾格关系代词都不能用that代替，

限定性用法就可以用that代替，

she had two daughters who became lawyers 她有两个当律师的女儿
she had two daughters that became lawyers

英语：6.定语从句和关系代词

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